DIN 22109-5-1988 煤矿用织物输送带.第5部分:标记

上一篇: DIN 52101-1988 天然石岩石粒度检验.取样
下一篇: DIN 22117-1988 煤矿用输送带.氧气指数的测定

【英文标准名称】:StandardGuideforConductingTerrestrialPlantToxicityTests
【原文标准名称】:陆上植物毒性试验的标准指南
【标准号】:ASTME1963-2009
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:美国
【发布日期】:2009
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:E47.02
【标准类型】:(Guide)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:
【英文主题词】:Brassica;Inhibitorypotential(toxicchemicals);Planttissueanalysis;Qualityassurance(QA)--environmental;Rootelongation;Seedlingemergence;Terrestrialplanttoxicity;Terrestrialsystems;Toxicity/toxicology;Woodyplants
【摘要】:Terrestrialphytotoxicitytestsareusefulinassessingtheeffectsofenvironmentalsamplesorspecificchemicalsasapartofanecologicalriskassessment(3-6,12,13).Thoughinferencesregardinghigher-orderecologicaleffects(population,community,orlandscape)maybemadefromtheresults,thesetestsevaluateresponsesofindividualsofoneormoreplantspeciestothetestsubstance.Thisguideisapplicablefor:(a)establishingphytotoxicityoforganicandinorganicsubstances;(b)determiningthephytotoxicityofenvironmentalsamples;(c)determiningthephytotoxicityofsludgesandhazardouswastes,(d)assessingtheimpactofdischargeoftoxicantstoland,and(e)assessingtheeffectivenessofremediationefforts.1.1Thisguidecoverspracticesforconductingplanttoxicitytestsusingterrestrialplantspeciestodetermineeffectsoftestsubstancesonplantgrowthanddevelopment.Specifictestproceduresarepresentedinaccompanyingannexes.1.2Terrestrialplantsarevitalcomponentsofecologicallandscapes.Thepopulationsandcommunitiesofplantsinfluencethedistributionandabundanceofwildlife.Obviously,plantsarethecentralfocusofagriculture,forestry,andrangelands.Toxicitytestsconductedundertheguidelinesandannexespresentedhereincanprovidecriticalinformationregardingtheeffectsofchemicalsontheestablishmentandmaintenanceofterrestrialplantcommunities.1.3Toxicsubstancesthatpreventorreduceseedgerminationcanhaveimmediateandlargeimpactstocrops.Innaturalsystems,manydesiredspeciesmaybesensitive,whileotherspeciesaretolerant.Suchselectivepressurecanresultinchangesinspeciesdiversity,populationdynamics,andcommunitystructurethatmaybeconsideredundesirable.Similarly,toxicsubstancesmayimpairthegrowthanddevelopmentofseedlingsresultingindecreasedplantpopulations,decreasedcompetitiveabilities,reducedreproductivecapacity,andloweredcropyield.Forthepurposesofthisguide,testsubstancesincludepesticides,industrialchemicals,sludges,metalsormetalloids,andhazardouswastesthatcouldbeaddedtosoil.Italsoincludesenvironmentalsamplesthatmayhavehadanyofthesetestsubstancesincorporatedintosoil.1.4Terrestrialplantsrangefromannuals,capableofcompletingalife-cycleinaslittleasafewweeks,tolong-livedperennialsthatgrowandreproduceforseveralhundredsofyears.Procedurestoevaluatechemicaleffectsonplantsrangefromshort-termmeasuresofphysiologicalresponses(forexample,chlorophyllfluorescence)tofieldstudiesoftreesoverseveralyears.Researchanddevelopmentofstandardizedplanttestshaveemphasizedthreecategoriesoftests:(1)short-term,physiologicalendpoints(thatis,biomarkers);(2)short-termtestsconductedduringtheearlystagesofplantgrowthwithseveralendpointsrelatedtosurvival,growth,anddevelopment;and(3)life-cycletoxicityteststhatemphasizereproductivesuccess.1.5Thisguideisarrangedbysectionsasfollows:SectionTitle1
Scope
2
ReferencedDocuments
3
Terminology
4
Summaryo......
【中国标准分类号】:Z04
【国际标准分类号】:07_100_99
【页数】:21P.;A4
【正文语种】:英语

标准名称：	工艺文件更改办法
中标分类：	机械 >> 机械综合 >> 技术管理
替代情况：	被QJ 903.6A-95代替
发布日期：	1985-07-01
实施日期：	1986-01-01
首发日期：
作废日期：
出版日期：

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